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Introduction

Documentation for SP1 users and developers.

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SP1 is a performant, open-source zero-knowledge virtual machine (zkVM) that verifies the execution of arbitrary Rust (or any LLVM-compiled language) programs.

SP1 has undergone multiple audits from leading ZK security firms and is currently used in production by many top blockchain teams.

The future of ZK is writing normal code​

Zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) are one of the most critical technologies to blockchain scaling, interoperability and privacy. But, historically building ZKP systems was extremely complicated--requiring large teams with specialized cryptography expertise and taking years to go to production.

SP1 provides a performant, general-purpose zkVM that enables any developer to use ZKPs by writing normal code (in Rust), and get cheap and fast proofs. SP1 will enable ZKPs to become mainstream, introducing a new era of verifiability for all of blockchain infrastructure and beyond.

SP1 enables a diversity of use-cases​

ZKPs enable a diversity of use-cases in blockchain and beyond, including:

  • Rollups: Use SP1 to generate a ZKP for the state transition function of your rollup and connect to Ethereum, Bitcoin or other chains with full validity proofs or ZK fraud proofs.
  • Interoperability: Use SP1 for fast-finality, cross rollup interoperability
  • Bridges: Use SP1 to generate a ZKP for verifying consensus of L1s, including Tendermint, Ethereum’s Light Client protocol and more, for bridging between chains.
  • Oracles: Use SP1 for large scale computations with onchain state, including consensus data and storage data.
  • Aggregation: Use SP1 to aggregate and verify other ZKPs for reduced onchain verification costs.
  • Privacy: Use SP1 for onchain privacy, including private transactions and private state.