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SP1 Applications

Zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) are a powerful primitive that enable verifiable computation. With ZKPs, anyone can verify a cryptographic proof that a program has executed correctly, without needing to trust the prover, re-execute the program or even know the inputs to the program.

Historically, building ZKP systems has been extremely complicated, requiring large teams with specialized cryptography expertise and taking years to go to production. SP1 is a performant, general-purpose zkVM that solves this problem and creates a future where all blockchain infrastructure, including rollups, bridges, coprocessors, and more, utilize ZKPs via maintainable software written in Rust.

SP1 is especially powerful in blockchain contexts which rely on verifiable computation. Example applications include:

  • Rollups: SP1 can be used in combination with existing node infrastructure like Reth to build rollups with ZKP validity proofs or ZK fraud proofs.
  • Coprocessors: SP1 can be used to outsource onchain computation to offchain provers to enable use cases such as large-scale computation over historical state and onchain machine learning, dramatically reducing gas costs.
  • Light Clients: SP1 can be used to build light clients that can verify the state of other chains, facilitating interoperability between different blockchains without relying on any trusted third parties.
  • Oracles: Use SP1 for large scale computations with onchain state, including consensus data and storage data.
  • Aggregation: Use SP1 to aggregate and verify other ZKPs for reduced onchain verification costs.
  • Privacy: Use SP1 for onchain privacy, including private transactions and private state.

SP1 has already been integrated in many of these applications, including but not limited to:

  • OP Succinct: Succinct's Production-Grade Proving Engine for the OP Stack.
  • SP1 Tendermint: An example of a ZK Tendermint light client on Ethereum powered by SP1.
  • RSP: A performant, type-1 zkEVM written in Rust & SP1 using Reth.
  • SP1 Contract Call: A lightweight library to generate ZKPs of Ethereum smart contract execution
  • and many more!

SP1 is used by protocols in production today:

  • SP1 Blobstream: A bridge that verifies Celestia “data roots” (a commitment to all data blobs posted in a range of Celestia blocks) on Ethereum and other EVM chains.
  • SP1 Vector: A bridge that relays Avail's Merkle root to Ethereum and also functions as a token bridge from Avail to Ethereum.